Natchez is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade. Natchez is approximately 90 miles southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River.