New Madrid is a city in New Madrid County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,787 at the 2020 census. New Madrid is the county seat of New Madrid County. The city is located 42 miles southwest of Cairo, Illinois, and north of an exclave of Fulton County, Kentucky, across the Mississippi River. The town is on the north side of the Kentucky Bend in the Mississippi River, which is also known as "New Madrid Bend" or "Madrid Bend."