Aquidauana is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It takes its name from the river with which the name is shared. The first European settlers were imperial soldiers who arrived during the Paraguayan War and were then settled on the lands they had occupied, between the Rivers Aquidauana and Negro, after the cessation of hostilities. Aquidauana was founded on 15 August 1892 by a local committee including several leading colonels and farmers.