Taloga is a town in Dewey County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 288 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dewey County. The town lies near the southern bank of a bend of the Canadian River, along U.S. Route 183, approximately thirty-seven miles north of Clinton. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the name is of Indian origin and means either "beautiful valley" or "rocking water".