Castleton is the primary village and a census-designated place in the town of Castleton, Rutland County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 1,337, out of 4,458 in the entire town. A large portion of the village is part of the Castleton Village Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is also home to Castleton University, founded in 1787, and now part of the Vermont State Colleges system.