The province of Pisa is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres and a total population of 421,642, it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni. With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries.