Itabaianinha is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. In 2020, its population was 42,166, and its area is 493 km².Itabaianinha is noted for its large dwarf population. It is sometimes called "a cidade dos anões". The dwarfism is of the proportionate type and arises from a rare genetic mutation. The population probably originated through intrafamily marriages. The condition has been shown to have no effect on normal lifespan.