Chautauqua is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Chautauqua in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. It corresponds to the area of the Chautauqua Institution, a historic district, adult education center, and summer resort on the southwest shore of Chautauqua Lake in far western New York. The permanent residential population was 191 at the 2010 census.