Santa Cruz is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2, it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south. In the 2024 census, it reported a population of 3,115,386, making it the most populated department.