Kaneville is a village in southwestern Kane County, Illinois, United States. It was incorporated in November 2006, and the first elected officials were chosen in elections held on April 17, 2007. The village had a population of 484 at the 2010 census. Kaneville is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. The village was originally called "Royalton", but this was found to be taken by another settlement. The name was then changed to "Kaneville", referring to Elias Kane.