2/6 Cash has served us well for over 3,000 years – with shells the forerunners to coins and notes – but we’re now seeing a definite shift to electronic payments in developed nations. According to a new study, cashless payments are making us spend more than before, too. 现金已经很好地为我们服务了3000多年，从贝壳作为硬币和纸币的前身开始，然而，如今我们明显看到发达国家向电子支付方式转变的趋势。根据最新的研究，非现金支付也让我们的消费增加了。 1. forerunner 英/ ˈfɔːrʌnə(r) / 美/ ˈfɔːrʌnər / n.先驱；先驱者；预兆 2. note 英/ nəʊt / 美/ noʊt / n.短笺，便条；笔记，记录；注释，批注；正式文件，票据，证明书；音，音符；语气，气氛；钞票；重 要性，值得注意之处（of note） v.留意，注意；指出，提及；记录，记下 Para.2 A team from the University of Adelaide and the University of Melbourne in Australia conducted a meta-analysis of 71 previously published papers, looking at spending habits across 17 different countries. It seems that tapping a phone or card on a terminal leads to us being less strict with our budget, compared to picking notes or coins out – perhaps because there’s no physical representation of how much is being spent. 来自澳大利亚阿德莱德大学和墨尔本大学的研究团队对71篇已发表的研究论文开展了一项综合分析，研究涵盖了17个不同国家的消费习惯。相比于使用纸币或硬币支付，用手机或卡片在终端上刷卡的电子支付方式似乎导致我们在预算管理上变得更宽松了，可能是因为电子支付过程中没有实物显示花费了多少钱。 3/6 1. meta-analysis n.荟萃分析；元分析 2. terminal 英/ ˈtɜːmɪn(ə)l / 美/ ˈtɜːrmɪn(ə)l / n.（火车、公共汽车或船的）终点站；航空终点站，航站楼；电脑终端；（电路的）端子，线接头；<英> 晚期病人；（石油，天然气的）集散站；（建筑）界标，端饰，胸像柱 adj.（疾病） 致命的，不治的，晚期的；（病状）已达晚期的；逐步衰亡的，越来越糟的；终端的，末端的；极度的，极其的；学期的，期末的，按期的；（运输）终点（站）的；（动）末端的，远端的； （植）（花朵等）顶生的 Para.3 “To prevent spending more than planned, we recommend consumers carry cash instead of cards whenever they can, as it acts as a self-control method,” says marketing researcher Lachlan Schomburgk from the University of Adelaide. “When using cash, people physically count and hand over notes and coins, making the act of spending more salient. If nothing is physically handed over, it’s easy to lose track of how much is spent.” The difference in spending was “small, but significant” the researchers say. It was greater for “conspicuous consumption” spending, which is buying items that signal status – so luxury clothing and jewelry, for example. “为了避免超计划支出，我们建议消费者尽可能携带现金而非信用卡，因为现金可以作为一种自我控制的方法，”来自阿德莱德大学的营销研究员拉赫兰·施翁伯格表示。“使用现金时，人们会清点实物钞票和硬币，然后支付，这让花钱的行为更加明显。如果没有交付实物，很容易丧失对花了多少钱的把握。”研究人员指出，消费差异“虽小但显著”。在“摆阔消费”方面的差异更为明显，这种消费方式指的是购买能够彰显地位的物品，比如奢侈品服装和珠宝。 1. salient 英/ ˈseɪliənt / 美/ ˈseɪliənt / adj.突出的，显著的；（角）凸出的；（纹章，动物）后腿站立前爪举起的 n.（防御工事的）凸出部分 2. conspicuous consumption 炫耀性消费：通过奢侈或浪费的消费来提升社会声望的行为。 Para.4 It’s a link that has been spotted before, but never across so many different experiments and interactions. What’s more, payments made when donating or tipping were more or less the same when made with cash compared to cashless payment methods, the researchers found. Throwing coins into buckets for charity is going to be around for a while yet. “Against our expectations, we found that cashless payments do not necessarily lead to greater tips or donations, in comparison to cash,” says Schomburgk. 此前就已经发现过这种关系，但从未在如此多不同实验和互动中出现过。翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~为慈善机构投硬币的做法还将持续一段时间。“与我们的预期相反，我们发现与现金支付相比，非现金支付并不一定会增加小费或捐款，”施翁伯格表示。 1. spotted 英/ ˈspɒtɪd / 美/ ˈspɑːtɪd / adj.有斑点的，有圆点装饰的；满是污渍的 v.看见，注意到；发现，挖掘（某人有天赋）；使有斑点，使有污迹（spot 的过去式和过去分词） Para.5 A link was also found between more positive economic conditions and a greater cashless effect, though this decreased slightly over time. On the other hand, the level of inflation didn’t seem to affect cash versus cashless spending in the data collected. They also found the cashless effect has gotten weaker over time, suggesting that as cashless payment methods have become more common, they have less impact on consumers. This habituation effect is likely to increase as the world moves toward a cashless society. A factor that could be investigated in future research is whether the type of cashless spending used makes a difference – for instance, the use of credit cards compared with paying with Google Pay or Apple Pay. 研究还发现，经济条件更好时，非现金效应更为显著，尽管这一效应随时间的发展略有减弱。另一方面，在收集的数据中，通货膨胀水平似乎对现金与非现金支出没有影响。研究人员还发现，随着时间推移，非现金效应逐渐减弱，这表明随着非现金支付方法的普及，它们对消费者的影响力下降。随着世界朝着非现金社会的方向发展，这种习惯效应可能会加剧。未来研究可以探讨的一个因素是，非现金支付方式的类型是否会带来不同的影响，例如使用信用卡与使用谷歌支付或苹果支付相比。

饭店很小，也很挤，主营:水煮鱼和各类小炒，比较传统的风味。