There are hundreds of unique sign languages around the world! Learn about the countries that have formally recognized sign languages through legislation, ensuring protection for deaf and hard of hearing people globally.
LessAlbania ๐ฆ๐ฑ: In Albania, Albanian Sign Language was recognized with the Disability Legislation through the Albanian Parliament, which passed in 2014.
Austria ๐ฆ๐น: After a 15-year effort by the Deaf community in Austria, the Austrian Parliament legally recognized Austrian Sign Language (OGS) in 2005.
Bangladesh ๐ง๐ฉ: Bangla Sign Language was constitutionally recognized under the The Disabled People's Rights and Protection Act, which passed in Bangladesh in 2013.
Belgium ๐ง๐ช: The Parliament of the French Community in Belgium recognized French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) by decree in 2003.
Bolivia ๐ง๐ด: The country of Bolivia recognized Bolivian Sign Language under a Sign Language Act that passed in 2009.
Bosnia and Herzegovina ๐ง๐ฆ: In 2009, Bosnia recognized Yugoslav Sign Language, used both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A sign language interpreter register was also established around the same time.
Brazil ๐ง๐ท: Brazilian Sign Language was legally recognized in 2002 by the National Congress of Brazil. Signwriting, a form of bilingual education, is also used in a deaf school in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.
Bulgaria ๐ง๐ฌ: One of the most recent recognitions, Bulgaria officially recognized Bulgarian Sign Language under the Sign Language Law, which passed in 2021.
Canada ๐จ๐ฆ: Canada recognized three sign languages: American Sign Language, Quebec Sign Language, and Indigenous Sign Languages under the Disability Legislation and Sign Language Law, which passed in 2019.
Chile ๐จ๐ฑ: Chile recognized Lengua de Senas Chilean, also known as Chilean Sign Language, through Law No. 20, 422, under the ratified Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) law, which passed in 2010.
Colombia ๐จ๐ด: In 1996, Colombia became the fourth country in the world and first in Latin America to recognize their sign language. Colombian Sign Language was officially recognized under the Sign Language Law 324.
Costa Rica ๐จ๐ท: Costa Rica recognized Costa Rican Sign Language in 2018 under their Sign Language Law.
Croatia ๐ญ๐ท: In Croatia, Croatian Sign Language was recognized under a Sign Language Act, which passed in 2015.
Cyprus ๐จ๐พ: The country of Cyprus passed a legal recognition of Cypriot Sign Language in 2006.
Czech Republic ๐จ๐ฟ: The Czech Republic officially recognized Czech Sign language under a Sign Language Law in 1998. The law was amended in 2012, legally highlighting the importance of sign language for the education of deaf and hard of hearing pupils.
Denmark ๐ฉ๐ฐ: Denmark legally recognized Danish Sign Language in 2014. The Danish Parliament also established the Danish Sign Language Council 'to devise principles and guidelines for the monitoring of the Danish sign language', offering advice and information on DSL.
Ecuador ๐ช๐จ: In the country of Ecuador, Ecuadorian Sign Language was constitutionally recognized in 2008.
El Salvador ๐ธ๐ป: The country of El Salvador recognized Salvadoran Sign Language under a Sign Language Law that passed in 2014.
Estonia ๐ช๐ช: Estonia recognized Estonian Sign Language as an independent language in 2007 under the Sign Language Act. Although this language was recognized, some cities like Tallinn and Parnu use Russian Sign Language.
Finland ๐ซ๐ฎ: Although in 1995 and 1999, "sign language" was constitutionally recognized in Finnish legislation, Finland did not secure the Finnish signers' rights of full accessibility to sign language services until the Finnish Sign Language Act passed in Finnish Parliament in 2015.
Germany ๐ฉ๐ช: German Sign Language was legally recognized in The Federal Disability Equality Act which passed in Germany in 2002.
Greece ๐ฌ๐ท: In Greece, Greek Sign Language was recognized under a Sign Language Act that passed in 2012.
Guatemala ๐ฌ๐น: In Guatemala, Guatemalan Sign Language was recognized in 2020 under a Sign Language Law.
Honduras ๐ญ๐ณ: In Honduras, Honduras Sign Language was recognized under a Sign Language Act that passed in 2013.
Hungary ๐ญ๐บ: In Hungary, the Parliament unanimously passed Act CXXV of 2009 on Hungarian Sign Language. In 2020, the act was amended to place HSL on equal footing with spoken Hungarian language, emphasizing the use of HSL instead of mainstreaming Deaf children and advancing the use of accessibility technologies.
Iceland ๐ฎ๐ธ: In Iceland, Icelandic Sign Language was officially recognized as a first language in 2011, ensuring that ISL is the first language of those who have to rely on it for expression and communication.
India ๐ฎ๐ณ: In India, Indian Sign Language was formally recognized by the Indian Parliament in 2016.
Ireland ๐ฎ๐ช: In Ireland, Irish Sign Language was granted legislative recognition under the Irish Sign Language Act, which passed in 2017.
Italy ๐ฎ๐น: Italy recognized Italian Sign Language in 2001 under a Sign Language Act, but the language is still not recognized at a national level.
Japan ๐ฏ๐ต: In Japan, the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities passed in 2011, officially recognizing Japanese Sign Language.
Kenya ๐ฐ๐ช: The Constitution of Kenya, when amended in 2010, recognized Kenyan Sign Language and according to Article 7.3b, ensures that Kenya would promote its development and use.
Latvia ๐ฑ๐ป: In Lativa, the Official Language Law passed in 1999 and came into force in 2000, giving Latvian Sign Language a legal status in Section 3.3, which ensures the development and the use of the Latvian sign language for communication with deaf and hard of hearing people.
Lithuania ๐ฑ๐น: In 1995, Lithuanian Sign Language was recognized by the Disability Legislation in Lithuania.
Luxembourg ๐ฑ๐บ: German Sign Language, used in Luxembourg, was recognized in 2018 under a Sign Language Act.
Malaysia ๐ฒ๐พ: In Malaysia, their sign language was officially recognized in 2014.
Malta ๐ฒ๐น: In 2016, Maltese Sign Language was recognized as one of the official languages of Malta.
Marshall Islands ๐ฒ๐ญ: In the Marshall Islands, their sign language was officially recognized in 2015.
Mexico ๐ฒ๐ฝ: In Mexico during 2005, Mexican Sign Language was officially declared a "national language", along with Spanish and indigenous languages, to be used in the national education system for deaf students.
Mongolia ๐ฒ๐ณ: In Mongolia, Mongolian Sign Language was officially recognized in 2016.
Norway ๐ณ๐ด: Similarly to Sweden, the Norwegian government indirectly recognized bilingual deaf people who use Norwegian Sign Language. Through a Language Act, Norwegian Sign Language was recognized in 2021.
Netherlands ๐ณ๐ฑ: In the Netherlands, Dutch Sign Language (NGT) was recognized by law in 2020.
New Zealand ๐ณ๐ฟ: In New Zealand, New Zealand Sign Language became the country's third official language, joining English and Maori, when a bill was passed in the New Zealand Parliament in 2006.
Panama ๐ต๐ฆ: Panama recognized Panama Sign Language under a Sign Language Act that passed in 1992.
Papua New Guinea ๐ต๐ฌ: Papua New Guinea, a sovereign state in Oceania, recognized Papua New Guinean Sign Language as their fourth officially recognized language in 2015.
Paraguay ๐ต๐พ: In Paraguay, Paraguayan Sign Language was officially recognized in 2020.
Peru ๐ต๐ช: Peru officially recognized Peruvian Sign Language as their national sign language by Peruvian law in 2010.
Philippines ๐ต๐ญ: In the Philippines, Filipino Sign Language was recognized under the Sign Language Law, which passed in 2018.
Poland ๐ต๐ฑ: In 2012, under the "Sign Language Act", Polish Sign Language received official status in Poland.
Portugal ๐ต๐น: Portuguese Sign Language (Lingua gestural portuguesa) is recognized in the present Constitution of Portugal.
Russia ๐ท๐บ: Although Russian Sign Language is recognized under the federal Law on Protection of People with Disabilities, which passed in 2012, it is considered a language used for inter-personal communication only; no state support in Russia is provided.
South Korea ๐ฐ๐ท: In 2015, the National Assembly of South Korea passed legislation to recognize Korean Sign Language as one of Korea's official languages.
Slovakia ๐ธ๐ฐ: In 1995, The National Council of the Slovak Republic passed a law recognizing "sign language as a language of communication" for deaf and hard of hearing people.
Slovenia ๐ธ๐ฎ: In Slovenia, the right to use and the development of the Slovenian sign language was enshrined in the Constitution in 2021.
South Africa ๐ฟ๐ฆ: South African Sign Language is mentioned in four South African laws: the Constitution (1995), the Use of Official Languages Act (2012), the South African Schools Act (1996), and the Pan South African Language Board Act (1995).
Spain ๐ช๐ธ: In Spain, Spanish Sign Language was recognized under a Disability Law, No. 5378, which passed in 2007.
Sweden ๐ธ๐ช: In 1979, the Swedish government indirectly recognized that deaf people are bilingual, using Swedish Sign Language. In 2009, through a Language Act, Swedish Sign Language was recognized as a language "equal to the minority languages."
Turkey ๐น๐ท: Turkey officially recognized Turkish Sign Language through the Disability Legislation, which passed in 2005.
Uganda ๐บ๐ฌ: In Uganda, Ugandan Sign Language was constitutionally recognized in 1995. This recognition was the earliest in comparison to the recognition of any other sign languages.
Ukraine ๐บ๐ฆ: Ukraine officially recognized Ukrainian Sign Language in 2019.
Uruguay ๐บ๐พ: In Uruguay, Urguayan Sign Language was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378, which passed in 2001.
Venezuela ๐ป๐ช: In Venezuela, Venezuelan Sign Language was constitutionally recognized as an official language in 1999.