There are hundreds of unique sign languages around the world! Learn about the countries that have formally recognized sign languages through legislation, ensuring protection for deaf and hard of hearing people globally.
LessAlbania 🇦🇱: In Albania, Albanian Sign Language was recognized with the Disability Legislation through the Albanian Parliament, which passed in 2014.
Austria 🇦🇹: After a 15-year effort by the Deaf community in Austria, the Austrian Parliament legally recognized Austrian Sign Language (OGS) in 2005.
Bangladesh 🇧🇩: Bangla Sign Language was constitutionally recognized under the The Disabled People's Rights and Protection Act, which passed in Bangladesh in 2013.
Belgium 🇧🇪: The Parliament of the French Community in Belgium recognized French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) by decree in 2003.
Bolivia 🇧🇴: The country of Bolivia recognized Bolivian Sign Language under a Sign Language Act that passed in 2009.
Bosnia and Herzegovina 🇧🇦: In 2009, Bosnia recognized Yugoslav Sign Language, used both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A sign language interpreter register was also established around the same time.
Brazil 🇧🇷: Brazilian Sign Language was legally recognized in 2002 by the National Congress of Brazil. Signwriting, a form of bilingual education, is also used in a deaf school in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.
Bulgaria 🇧🇬: One of the most recent recognitions, Bulgaria officially recognized Bulgarian Sign Language under the Sign Language Law, which passed in 2021.
Canada 🇨🇦: Canada recognized three sign languages: American Sign Language, Quebec Sign Language, and Indigenous Sign Languages under the Disability Legislation and Sign Language Law, which passed in 2019.
Chile 🇨🇱: Chile recognized Lengua de Senas Chilean, also known as Chilean Sign Language, through Law No. 20, 422, under the ratified Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) law, which passed in 2010.
Colombia 🇨🇴: In 1996, Colombia became the fourth country in the world and first in Latin America to recognize their sign language. Colombian Sign Language was officially recognized under the Sign Language Law 324.
Costa Rica 🇨🇷: Costa Rica recognized Costa Rican Sign Language in 2018 under their Sign Language Law.
Croatia 🇭🇷: In Croatia, Croatian Sign Language was recognized under a Sign Language Act, which passed in 2015.
Cyprus 🇨🇾: The country of Cyprus passed a legal recognition of Cypriot Sign Language in 2006.
Czech Republic 🇨🇿: The Czech Republic officially recognized Czech Sign language under a Sign Language Law in 1998. The law was amended in 2012, legally highlighting the importance of sign language for the education of deaf and hard of hearing pupils.
Denmark 🇩🇰: Denmark legally recognized Danish Sign Language in 2014. The Danish Parliament also established the Danish Sign Language Council 'to devise principles and guidelines for the monitoring of the Danish sign language', offering advice and information on DSL.
Ecuador 🇪🇨: In the country of Ecuador, Ecuadorian Sign Language was constitutionally recognized in 2008.
El Salvador 🇸🇻: The country of El Salvador recognized Salvadoran Sign Language under a Sign Language Law that passed in 2014.
Estonia 🇪🇪: Estonia recognized Estonian Sign Language as an independent language in 2007 under the Sign Language Act. Although this language was recognized, some cities like Tallinn and Parnu use Russian Sign Language.
Finland 🇫🇮: Although in 1995 and 1999, "sign language" was constitutionally recognized in Finnish legislation, Finland did not secure the Finnish signers' rights of full accessibility to sign language services until the Finnish Sign Language Act passed in Finnish Parliament in 2015.
Germany 🇩🇪: German Sign Language was legally recognized in The Federal Disability Equality Act which passed in Germany in 2002.
Greece 🇬🇷: In Greece, Greek Sign Language was recognized under a Sign Language Act that passed in 2012.
Guatemala 🇬🇹: In Guatemala, Guatemalan Sign Language was recognized in 2020 under a Sign Language Law.
Honduras 🇭🇳: In Honduras, Honduras Sign Language was recognized under a Sign Language Act that passed in 2013.
Hungary 🇭🇺: In Hungary, the Parliament unanimously passed Act CXXV of 2009 on Hungarian Sign Language. In 2020, the act was amended to place HSL on equal footing with spoken Hungarian language, emphasizing the use of HSL instead of mainstreaming Deaf children and advancing the use of accessibility technologies.
Iceland 🇮🇸: In Iceland, Icelandic Sign Language was officially recognized as a first language in 2011, ensuring that ISL is the first language of those who have to rely on it for expression and communication.
India 🇮🇳: In India, Indian Sign Language was formally recognized by the Indian Parliament in 2016.
Ireland 🇮🇪: In Ireland, Irish Sign Language was granted legislative recognition under the Irish Sign Language Act, which passed in 2017.
Italy 🇮🇹: Italy recognized Italian Sign Language in 2001 under a Sign Language Act, but the language is still not recognized at a national level.
Japan 🇯🇵: In Japan, the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities passed in 2011, officially recognizing Japanese Sign Language.
Kenya 🇰🇪: The Constitution of Kenya, when amended in 2010, recognized Kenyan Sign Language and according to Article 7.3b, ensures that Kenya would promote its development and use.
Latvia 🇱🇻: In Lativa, the Official Language Law passed in 1999 and came into force in 2000, giving Latvian Sign Language a legal status in Section 3.3, which ensures the development and the use of the Latvian sign language for communication with deaf and hard of hearing people.
Lithuania 🇱🇹: In 1995, Lithuanian Sign Language was recognized by the Disability Legislation in Lithuania.
Luxembourg 🇱🇺: German Sign Language, used in Luxembourg, was recognized in 2018 under a Sign Language Act.
Malaysia 🇲🇾: In Malaysia, their sign language was officially recognized in 2014.
Malta 🇲🇹: In 2016, Maltese Sign Language was recognized as one of the official languages of Malta.
Marshall Islands 🇲🇭: In the Marshall Islands, their sign language was officially recognized in 2015.
Mexico 🇲🇽: In Mexico during 2005, Mexican Sign Language was officially declared a "national language", along with Spanish and indigenous languages, to be used in the national education system for deaf students.
Mongolia 🇲🇳: In Mongolia, Mongolian Sign Language was officially recognized in 2016.
Norway 🇳🇴: Similarly to Sweden, the Norwegian government indirectly recognized bilingual deaf people who use Norwegian Sign Language. Through a Language Act, Norwegian Sign Language was recognized in 2021.
Netherlands 🇳🇱: In the Netherlands, Dutch Sign Language (NGT) was recognized by law in 2020.
New Zealand 🇳🇿: In New Zealand, New Zealand Sign Language became the country's third official language, joining English and Maori, when a bill was passed in the New Zealand Parliament in 2006.
Panama 🇵🇦: Panama recognized Panama Sign Language under a Sign Language Act that passed in 1992.
Papua New Guinea 🇵🇬: Papua New Guinea, a sovereign state in Oceania, recognized Papua New Guinean Sign Language as their fourth officially recognized language in 2015.
Paraguay 🇵🇾: In Paraguay, Paraguayan Sign Language was officially recognized in 2020.
Peru 🇵🇪: Peru officially recognized Peruvian Sign Language as their national sign language by Peruvian law in 2010.
Philippines 🇵🇭: In the Philippines, Filipino Sign Language was recognized under the Sign Language Law, which passed in 2018.
Poland 🇵🇱: In 2012, under the "Sign Language Act", Polish Sign Language received official status in Poland.
Portugal 🇵🇹: Portuguese Sign Language (Lingua gestural portuguesa) is recognized in the present Constitution of Portugal.
Russia 🇷🇺: Although Russian Sign Language is recognized under the federal Law on Protection of People with Disabilities, which passed in 2012, it is considered a language used for inter-personal communication only; no state support in Russia is provided.
South Korea 🇰🇷: In 2015, the National Assembly of South Korea passed legislation to recognize Korean Sign Language as one of Korea's official languages.
Slovakia 🇸🇰: In 1995, The National Council of the Slovak Republic passed a law recognizing "sign language as a language of communication" for deaf and hard of hearing people.
Slovenia 🇸🇮: In Slovenia, the right to use and the development of the Slovenian sign language was enshrined in the Constitution in 2021.
South Africa 🇿🇦: South African Sign Language is mentioned in four South African laws: the Constitution (1995), the Use of Official Languages Act (2012), the South African Schools Act (1996), and the Pan South African Language Board Act (1995).
Spain 🇪🇸: In Spain, Spanish Sign Language was recognized under a Disability Law, No. 5378, which passed in 2007.
Sweden 🇸🇪: In 1979, the Swedish government indirectly recognized that deaf people are bilingual, using Swedish Sign Language. In 2009, through a Language Act, Swedish Sign Language was recognized as a language "equal to the minority languages."
Turkey 🇹🇷: Turkey officially recognized Turkish Sign Language through the Disability Legislation, which passed in 2005.
Uganda 🇺🇬: In Uganda, Ugandan Sign Language was constitutionally recognized in 1995. This recognition was the earliest in comparison to the recognition of any other sign languages.
Ukraine 🇺🇦: Ukraine officially recognized Ukrainian Sign Language in 2019.
Uruguay 🇺🇾: In Uruguay, Urguayan Sign Language was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378, which passed in 2001.
Venezuela 🇻🇪: In Venezuela, Venezuelan Sign Language was constitutionally recognized as an official language in 1999.